@MastersThesis{Barbosa:2015:PrUtMé,
author = "Barbosa, Adilson Luiz",
title = "Proposta de utiliza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de m{\'e}todos
heur{\'{\i}}sticos e de inova{\c{c}}{\~a}o nos projetos de
sistemas de localiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o, baseados em tecnologia de
sat{\'e}lites",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2015",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2015-11-23",
keywords = "GPS, PCD, Ionosfera, GPS, PCD, Ionosphere.",
abstract = "Neste trabalho aplica-se um m{\'e}todo de gera{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
inova{\c{c}}{\~a}o a dois problemas: a) elimina{\c{c}}{\~a}o
ou minimiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de erros ionosf{\'e}ricos na
navega{\c{c}}{\~a}o GPS (Global Positioning System), e b) a
adapta{\c{c}}{\~a}o do sistema de coleta de dados do INPE para o
uso de nanossat{\'e}lites no lugar dos SCDs (Sat{\'e}lites de
Coleta de Dados) e CBERS (China-Brasil Earth Resources Satellite).
Neste {\'u}ltimo caso h{\'a} a necessidade de compensar erros
ionosf{\'e}ricos maiores, devido a uma frequ{\^e}ncia mais baixa
que a do GPS, a quest{\~a}o do custo m{\'{\i}}nimo de
modifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o das PCDs, e de menor disponibilidade de
energia nos nanossat{\'e}lites. O m{\'e}todo combina TRIZ
(Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problem), Matriz de Pugh e
AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). A TRIZ {\'e} um m{\'e}todo
heur{\'{\i}}stico de inova{\c{c}}{\~a}o criado por Genrich
Saulovich Altshuller para problemas de engenharia, que tamb{\'e}m
tem o objetivo de minimizar o uso de recursos na
solu{\c{c}}{\~a}o do problema. A matriz de Pugh {\'e} um
m{\'e}todo de sele{\c{c}}{\~a}o sequencial para problemas
complexos, onde tanto as especifica{\c{c}}{\~o}es como as
alternativas de solu{\c{c}}{\~a}o n{\~a}o s{\~a}o bem
conhecidas, no in{\'{\i}}cio do processo. O AHP {\'e} um
m{\'e}todo de sele{\c{c}}{\~a}o multicrit{\'e}rio que usa
compara{\c{c}}{\~a}o de pares de solu{\c{c}}{\~o}es para obter
pesos na avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o, e tamb{\'e}m possui controle de
qualidade atrav{\'e}s de autovalores de suas matrizes de
compara{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Este controle de qualidade torna o
m{\'e}todo robusto, no sentido de que o mesmo indica se a
sele{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\'e} ou n{\~a}o confi{\'a}vel e, em
decorr{\^e}ncia, torna qualquer tentativa de
manipula{\c{c}}{\~a}o mais dif{\'{\i}}cil. Com este
m{\'e}todo dez novas solu{\c{c}}{\~o}es foram encontradas para
o problema do GPS, e outras doze para o caso das PCDs. Foram
encontradas tr{\^e}s solu{\c{c}}{\~o}es aparentemente muito
eficazes e inovadoras para o problema do GPS e tr{\^e}s
solu{\c{c}}{\~o}es de mesmas caracter{\'{\i}}sticas para o
caso das PCDs. As metodologias s{\~a}o descritas em detalhes na
revis{\~a}o bibliogr{\'a}fica, assim como alguns detalhes de
funcionamento do GPS e sistema de PCDs. Esta revis{\~a}o
tamb{\'e}m descreve os efeitos ionosf{\'e}ricos sobre os sinais
de radiofrequ{\^e}ncia. Os subsistemas de aeronaves e
nanossat{\'e}lites foram sendo descritos com o desenvolvimento do
m{\'e}todo, {\`a} medida que se mostraram relevantes ao
processo. As op{\c{c}}{\~o}es por TRIZ, Matriz de Pugh e AHP
foram realizadas ap{\'o}s uma ampla pesquisa bibliogr{\'a}fica
quanto a m{\'e}todos heur{\'{\i}}sticos de solu{\c{c}}{\~o}es
inovadoras e de sele{\c{c}}{\~a}o multicrit{\'e}rio. O mais
importante em um processo de busca de inova{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\'e}
a eficiente explora{\c{c}}{\~a}o do espa{\c{c}}o de
solu{\c{c}}{\~o}es e sua capacidade de: evitar a
ado{\c{c}}{\~a}o precipitada de qualquer solu{\c{c}}{\~a}o,
realmente encontrar solu{\c{c}}{\~o}es eficazes e evitar
detalhamentos desnecess{\'a}rios para redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o do
custo do processo. O processo escolhido se mostrou capaz de
cumprir estes itens nos dois problemas. As tentativas de resolver
um problema antes de conhec{\^e}-lo completamente gera um alto
risco de se resolver o problema errado. A matriz de Pugh,
associada com o TRIZ, ajudou a resolver contradi{\c{c}}{\~o}es
mais simples no in{\'{\i}}cio do processo, facilitando o
conhecimento mais amplo do problema antes de se partir para a
utiliza{\c{c}}{\~a}o do AHP na solu{\c{c}}{\~a}o definitiva.
ABSTRACT: This work applies an innovation generation heuristic
method to two problems: a) the mitigation or elimination of
ionospheric errors in GPS (Global Positioning System) navigation;
and b) the adaptation of the INPE data collection system to the
use of nanossatelites in replacement of SCDs (Data Collection
Satellite) and CBERS (China-Brasil Earth Resources Satellite). In
this last case there is the need to compensate larger ionospheric
errors, due to a lower frequency than the GPS, the question of
minimum cost of PCDs modification, and a smaller energy
availability in nanossatelites. The method combines TRIZ (Theory
of the Solution of Inventive Problems) Pugh matrix and AHP
(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The TRIZ is an innovation heuristic
method created by Genrich Saulovich Altshuller for engineering
problems, that also has the goal of minimizing the use of
resources in the problem solution. The Pugh Matrix is a method of
sequential selection to complex problems, where both, the
specification and solution alternatives are not well known in the
beginning of the process. The AHP is a Multiple Criteria Decision
Making method that use pairwise comparisons to obtain weights and
solution evaluation, and also has a quality control by means of
the eigenvalues of its pairwise comparison matrices. This quality
control turns the method a robust one, as it indicates the
reliability of the selection, and therefore turns any manipulation
trial more difficult. With this method ten new solutions were
found to the GPS problem, and another twelve to the PCD case. It
seems that three solutions found to the GPS case are innovative
and effectives, as well as three solutions found to the PCD case.
The methodologies were described in detail in the literature
revision chapter together with GPS and SCD systems operation
details. This chapter also studies signal radiopropagation in the
ionosphere. Aircraft and nanossatelites subsystems were described
along the method application, as soon as they showed themselves
relevant to the process. The option for TRIZ, Pugh Matrix and AHP
were done after an extensive bibliographical research regarding
heuristic methods for innovative solutions search and Multiple
Criteria Decision Making. The most important aspect of an
innovation search method is the efficient sweeping of the solution
space and its capacity in avoiding: precipitated adoption of any
solution, really finding the effective solutions, and avoiding
unnecessary detailing, this latter to reducing the process costs.
The chosen process showed itself able to reach these goal in the
two problems. The trials of solving a problem before knowing it
completely creates a high risk of a wrong problem solving. The
Pugh Matrix associated with TRIZ helps ones to solve simpler
contradictions at the beginning of the process, making it easier
to know the more wide problem before starting the solution of the
complete problem and the AHP selection procedure.",
committee = "Milani, Paulo Gi{\'a}como (presidente) and Bambace, Lu{\'{\i}}s
Ant{\^o}nio Waack (orientador) and Fonseca, El{\'o}i",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Proposed use of heuristics and innovation methods in location
systems design, based on satellite tecnology",
language = "pt",
pages = "307",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3KFSSCP",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3KFSSCP",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}